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    Quién es la jueza con perspectiva no punitivista al uso de cannabis que podría llegar a la Corte Suprema

    Updated:2.067 comentariosLectura de 4 min

    Se trata de Ana María Figueroa Leonardi, jueza en la Sala I de la Cámara Federal de Casación Penal, quien llegó en 2011 luego de 30 años de ejercicio de la abogacía en forma independiente.

    Oriunda de la ciudad de Rosario, con 73 años, Figueroa es uno de los apellidos que suenan como candidata a reemplazar a Elena Highton de Nolasco tras su renuncia a la Corte Suprema de la Nación el 1 de noviembre de 2021.

    Autodefinida como una “persona muy férrea y que discute hasta el final”, sus fallos representan los cambios de paradigmas sobre juzgar con perspectiva de género (violencia, lesiones, trata, pasante de drogas) y cambios de valoración social sobre el uso y cultivo de cannabis medicinal, entre otros fallos que respetan la esfera privada amparada en el art.19 de la Constitución Nacional.

    Nacida el 9 de agosto de 1948 se recibió de abogada en la Universidad Nacional del Litoral y fundó en 1975 su propio estudio jurídico en Rosario. Sus dos tesis doctorales (UNR y UNL) fueron sobre Derechos Humanos y Derecho Constitucional. En 1986 fue designada por concurso profesora titular ordinaria de Derecho Constitucional en la Universidad Nacional de Rosario.

    Su especialización en Derechos Humanos, 38 años de ejercicio con causas provinciales federales e internacionales, la llevó a trabajar en 2005 en el área jurídica de la Secretaría de Derechos Humanos de la Nación, además de ser coordinadora  del área jurídica del Archivo Nacional de la Memoria y dirigir el curso “Derechos Humanos” de la Escuela Judicial del Consejo de la Magistratura.

    “En la facultad no nos enseñaron qué hacer frente a una desaparición forzada o con los autoritarismo, y tuvimos que trabajar solucionando problemas. Y ahí entendimos de pronto que había un nuevo paradigma que había irrumpido: el derecho internacional de los Derechos Humanos”, expuso Figueroa en la Cumbre de Integración por la Paz (CUMIPAZ) realizada en Chile 2015.

    En enero de este año, Figueroa votó a favor de la absolución para el fallo Gago Esteban Daniel iniciado en 2019 en la provincia de Jujuy donde dos cultivadores, que alegaban hacerlo para la producción de aceite, eran acusados por el delito de siembra y cultivo de cannabis. «Los imputados no ponían en riesgo la salud, sino que propendían a su resguardo y ejercicio efectivo, por medio del acto de autoprocurarse (para sí y para terceros familiares) un elemento conducente a mejorar su estado de salud –el aceite de cannabis-» afirma la sentencia.

    En la justicia Nacional y Federal hay una segmentación muy grande, donde solo el 30% son mujeres. Y dentro de esa segmentación vertical, hay una segmentación horizontal, en donde a la vez son menos del 30% en las cámaras -en cargos de camaristas-.

    La Cámara Federal de Casación Penal es el tribunal que más sentencias con perspectiva de género tiene: más de 850, de los cuales Figueroa ha firmado el 70% de esos fallos. “Yo quiero ver los resultados en serio en una sentencia. No para la tribuna digo algo, y luego sanciono otro”, comentó en entrevista con el medio Tiempo Judicial.

    Además de dictar clases en la Universidad Nacional de Rosario, en marzo de 2018 publicó su libro “Derechos de Género, Violencia y Trata”. Es actual coordinadora de la Comisión de Género y Justicia en Casación donde realizan seminarios de capacitación para todos los y las integrantes del Poder Judicial. También en 2021 inauguró el primer módulo de capacitación en la actualización de la Corte Suprema sobre la Ley Micaela.

    El pasado 15 de febrero Organizaciones No Gubernamentales enmarcadas en materia jurídica, de derechos humanos y feminismo, enviaron una carta al Poder Ejecutivo para reclamar el envío al Senado del pliego que postule el nombre de una jueza para cubrir la vacante en la Corte Suprema, tal lo indica el art 99 de la Constitución Nacional.

    El retraso supera los 30 días de plazo máximo para la postulación según lo indica el art.4 del decreto 222/2003, firmado por el mismo Alberto Fernández cuando era Jefe de Gabinete del presidente Néstor Kirchner. “Es fundamental que la candidata demuestre un compromiso probado con el Estado de derecho, los valores democráticos, los derechos humanos, con el principio de no-discriminación y con los derechos de las mujeres y los grupos más vulnerabilizados de nuestra sociedad. En particular, la candidata debe demostrar desempeño profesional y académico con perspectiva de género, es decir, consciente de la influencia que la diferencia en los roles, funciones y atributos asignados en una sociedad determinada a las personas en razón de su género ha tenido y tiene en la desigualdad de oportunidades en el acceso a la justicia y en el ejercicio de derechos de las mujeres y personas LGTBIQ+”, expresa el comunicado de las ONGs.

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