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    Cocaína adultera en Argentina

    Updated:52 comentariosLectura de 4 min

    En este artículo nos proponemos desglosar lo sucedido por orden para obtener una conclusión desde otra lógica no persecutoria de los usuarios de droga.

    ¿Qué pasó con la cocaína adulterada en Argentina?

    Sucedió el miércoles 2 de febrero de 2022 cuando varias personas comenzaron a llegar al Hospital Castex -San Martín-, Hospital Bocalandro -Tres de Febrero-, Hospital San Bernardino -Hurlingham-, entre otros de la zona noreste del conurbano Bonaerense. Todos con el mismo cuadro de desmayo a causa de un paro respiratorio. Fueron 23 en total los muertos en centros de salud y se estima que 3 personas fallecidas fueron directamente a la morgue. El gobierno de la provincia decretó un alerta epidemiológico.

    ¿Con qué estaba adulterada la cocaína?

    Aún no hay una confirmación oficial pero por el antídoto, utilizado por el personal de salud, que resultó eficaz fue la Naloxona que sirve para contrarrestar los efectos del Fentanilo, un opiáceo más potente que la heroína.

    ¿De dónde provenía la cocaína adulterada?

    El barrio que recibió la mayoría de los allanamientos, con resultado positivo para estos envoltorios adulterados, se llama Puerta 8 y está ubicado en el partido de Tres de Febrero a la vera del Camino del Buen Ayre, provincia de Buenos Aires. Tiene apenas 20 manzanas donde viven alrededor de 200 familias. Las víctimas fueron quienes señalaron a ese asentamiento como el lugar en el que se compró la droga.

    ¿Qué es el Fentanilo?

    Es un derivado del opio, que se obtiene de la adormidera o amapola, como la morfina y la heroína. Estas drogas también pueden ser sintetizadas en laboratorios. Su uso se generalizó gracias a su capacidad para disminuir, rápidamente y a dosis bajas, la percepción del dolor postoperatorio o de ciertos cánceres. En la actualidad, es uno de los compuestos más utilizados por su potencia analgésica. Consigue a dosis menores el mismo efecto que la morfina. En 2017, el fentanilo fue parte del 59,8% de las muertes relacionadas con opioides en Estados Unidos, comparado con el 14,3% en 2010, según el Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas. La sobredosis de este compuesto provoca diversos síntomas como apnea (suspensión de la respiración), convulsiones, aumento de la presión arterial y depresión del sistema respiratorio, que es la causa principal de muerte.

    ¿Cómo se puede evitar la muerte por sobredosis?

    Una de las conductas que han implementado países avanzados en materia de reducción de riesgos y daños, es el testo de la sustancia mediante una cromatografía especializada indicando qué elementos contiene y en qué proporción. De esta manera las autoridades advierten a los consumidores los riegos que podría causar el consumo de la misma y realizan un mapa de la que droga está circulando. En Argentina se realizó por primera vez este año en la costa bonaerense de Mar del Plata, solamente dando reactivo a determinada sustancia sin más precisiones.

    ¿Qué es la despenalización?

    La despenalización es diferente a la legalización. Quita de la pena al acto individual de poseer una sustancia propia para consumo personal. Esto no significa que su comercialización continúa prohibida. Es el acto no la sustancia. En Argentina la Corte Suprema emitió el fallo Arriola (2009) por unanimidad a favor del consumo personal, amparado en el art 19 de la Constitución Nacional, entendiendo que el Estado no puede imponer una ética privada.

    ¿Qué es un cambio de paradigma?

    Es buscar un cambio en la forma de pensar un problema o una solución. Actualmente en Argentina se piensa desde la lógica de un paradigma prohibicionista, donde lo prohibido es perseguido, sea cual sea el problema. Cambiar ese pensamiento, para el caso de los usuarios de drogas, sería dejar de detenerlos por violar una ley y abordar su adicción desde  un problema de salud, para luego resolver el problema social que los derivó a tener cierta adicción. La adicción no es sinónimo de enfermedad, sino del acto por lo cual es conveniente comenzar por la reducción de riegos y daños y no la internación en una comunidad terapéutica para generar abstinencia. De esta manera los consumidores acudirían a un hospital sin miedo de ser detenidos, criminalizados o estigmatizados.

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