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    Mujeres, Cannabis y Cárcel

    1.297 comentariosLectura de 6 min

    En el marco actual, con tantas detenidas o imputadas nos preguntamos: ¿por qué las mujeres que son condenadas por delitos de micro tráfico de sustancias consideradas estupefacientes tienen características similares?

    Ser jóvenes, jefas de familia, sin antecedentes penales, sin instrucción, sin trabajo y con muchos hijxs a cargo son las similitudes. ¿Cómo llegan esas personas a los penales? La respuesta es por la “selectividad del sistema penal”; recayendo casi siempre en grupos vulnerados (como es el caso de las mujeres) y más aún en relación a la ley de estupefacientes, que es el principal motivo de encarcelamiento para nosotras; sobre todo en las provincias que están desfederalizadas.

    Según el Sistema Nacional de Estadística sobre Ejecución de Pena (SNEEP) hasta el 2021 unas 1363 mujeres en toda la Argentina fueron detenidas, sobre un total de 3998 , por transgresión a la ley 23737.

    Según informes de la WOLA (Oficina de Washington para asuntos latinoamericanos), el 70 % de la población femenina latinoamericana está detenida por delitos relacionados a estupefacientes.

    ¿Podríamos acaso comenzar una política de indulto a las mujeres que ya están presas por cannabis cuando su causa sea por las mismas cantidades que hoy autoriza el Reprocann? Ya que se estaría cumplimentando con la Ley penal más benigna, y la igualdad ante la Ley, pensándola como vía de reparación histórica, y tomando esta medida como antecedente, como lo hicieron en cada uno de los países que autorizó, reguló o legalizó de alguna manera el cannabis.

    Históricamente, vemos como todo el aparato represivo que castiga es patriarcal, observando cómo hasta las cárceles fueron ideadas, construidas y diseñadas por hombres para hombres, pensando en sus demandas y necesidades masculinas.

    En las cárceles de mujeres, no se garantizan espacios como salas cuna, guarderías, escuelas para niñxs, ginecologxs, etc. Por ejemplo los cursos educativos no son los mismos en las cárceles de hombres que en las de mujeres -siendo en su mayoría de costura y panadería-. Ni mencionar que las mujeres reciben mucho menos visitas que los hombres presos. En relación a los traslados, las mujeres son enviadas a lugares distantes de su vínculo familiar y hay grandes distancias entre una cárcel de mujeres y la otra.

    De la misma manera sucede en las resoluciones judiciales que envían a las personas a las cárceles, operando bajo la lupa de un sistema androcéntrico del derecho, en donde vemos la intervención de lxs operadores judiciales actuando de manera patriarcal.

    Nótese que las mujeres en muchos casos reciben penas desproporcionadas a sus supuestos roles en el delito cometido por hombres, en donde la misma no ha tenido el dominio del hecho, pero como compartía con él espacios de intimidad quedan detenidas o imputadas también (lo que se denomina teoría de “Mujeres de las circunstancias”).

    En el caso de otorgamiento de prisiones domiciliarias, lo que ocurre es que se le exige que se mude – en caso de que tuviera un domicilio, claro está- porque en el barrio que vive hay tráfico de drogas, lo cual económicamente es imposible, y esto genera un gran filtro, ya que no todas las mujeres tendrán oportunidad de acceder a esta posibilidad.

    Este sistema, en su relación con los medios de comunicación, suele mediatizar los fallos de mujeres sobreexponiéndolas, generando una desigualdad de trato ante la ley, respecto a la misma situación de los hombres. Máxime si son usuarias de cannabis, recibiendo estigmas de todo tipo (se las tilda de criminales por desviarse de la ley, de “mala mujer” porque transgreden el rol tradicional asignado por su género según el sistema patriarcal y si son madres se las tilda de “mala madre” por desatender su rol de cuidado y de su hogar).

    Caso de Fernanda Moyano (Clinicas de la marihauan, Córdoba)

    Su causa fue en agosto del 2017, ingresó a la penitenciaría de máxima seguridad de Córdoba, Bouwer. Es una mamá con un hijo con discapacidad al cual el aceite de cannabis le había aportado avances a su desarrollo patológico.

    Tras un allanamiento de la FPA en Carlos Paz, fué detenida y traslada en horas al penal de Bouwer, donde vivió tres meses en un pabellón de delitos graves con otras causas que estaban muy lejos de parecerse a la de ella, pero en la que las atravesaba un hilo en común, mujeres de bajos recursos económicos, intelectuales y en estado de vulnerabilidad por diferentes factores. Se la trasladó como si fuera una narco mercenaria.

    Fue la primera que logró salir del resto de los 7 detenidxs de las Clínicas, con prisión domiciliaria por poner el cuerpo (literal) con una huelga de hambre. Hoy esta sobreseída. Fue víctima de la violencia institucional de un sistema penitenciario, de un sistema judicial, de leyes a las que les faltaba tanto, que los huecos legales eran igual a perdida de libertad.

    Hoy mirando hacia atrás, no fue en vano, ¡jamás lo es! Las conquistas de hoy son la suma de cada cuerpa, que también pagó con su derecho a la libertad diciendo… no somos narcos!

    Caso Marita Soria (Salta)

    58 años, usuaria cannábica desde sus 23 años, en abril de 2015 sintió un fuerte golpe, era la policía que le rompió la puerta de casa, se metieron, comenzaron a romperle y darle vuelta todo y a maltratarla verbalmente. No sabían cómo se llamaba, no tenían una orden de allanamiento con su nombre…pero lo mismo sufrió las 5 horas más tortuosas de su vida.

    Tenía diagnosticada HTA y artrosis en rodillas pero lo mismo la hicieron arrodillar apuntándola con un arma en la cabeza, a la media hora de estar arrodillada se desmayó del dolor.

    Estuvo en la cárcel de mujeres (UC N°4) 38 días detenida, hacinada en una habitación con 7 cuchetas para 28 detenidas. Ese mismo año fue a juicio abreviado a fines de julio donde la condenaron a 3 años de prisión en suspenso, tenía que ir al Patronato de Presos y Liberados a firmar su condena.

    Hoy sigue militando por la liberación de la planta con la ONG «Cultivando en Libertad» que es una orga que enseña a cultivar y a preparar fitoderivados del cannabis. «Yo no soy un delincuente yo no soy un criminal… yo cultivo marihuana ¡No más presxs por plantar».

    Cómo podemos ver, la realidad de las mujeres que usan cannabis en Argentina y que fueron detenidas sufren en carne propia las consecuencias de la prohibición. Se trata de mujeres que comparten y padecen un sistema patriarcal dónde las normas distan de ser equitativas. En los dos casos, se observa cómo a pesar de las crueles realidades, ambas reinvindican la lucha por un cambio en la política de drogas.

    Nota por Nadia Podsiadlo, Abogada con perspectiva de género y de DDHH y Ana Flor Sclani Horrac, integrante del Grupo motor de la Red Latinoamericana de Mujeres Cannábicas.

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