Foto: Agencia Télam.
    Medicina

    Cannabis medicinal: el gran desafío es asegurar un producto de calidad y accesible

    Updated:5.422 comentariosLectura de 3 min

    Silvia Kochen destaca la importancia de que el Estado haya creado su propia empresa para producir cannabis medicinal.

    La salud es un derecho humano y, para garantizar ese derecho, resulta esencial que las actividades destinadas a la salud en diferentes niveles -clínica, investigación, docencia- contribuyan a generar un sistema eficiente, de excelencia, equitativo, justo, y solidario.

    Desde esta perspectiva, abordamos las opciones del uso del cannabis medicinal. La investigación en salud, su aporte al conocimiento, en especial en el desarrollo de nuevos productos farmacéuticos representa, además de un desafío productivo y tecnológico, la posibilidad de generar autonomía sanitaria.

    Desde hace miles de años, se ha podido hallar numerosos reportes que refieren la utilización del cannabis como una opción terapéutica en diferentes patologías. La prohibición de su uso en los años 30 del siglo pasado, y la inclusión en la categoría de sustancias controladas, provocó un brusco descenso en su uso. A partir de la década de los ´90 con el descubrimiento de los receptores cannabinoides y del Sistema denominado Endocannabinoides comienza un período de despenalización e investigación en progresivo aumento.

    En nuestro país contamos con la Ley Nacional «Uso Medicinal de la Planta de Cannabis y derivados», y la Ley de Cannabis y Cáñamo para uso industrial, aún no reglamentada.

    El cannabis presenta una ventaja fundamental: no hay ningún reporte que el uso del cannabis presente una dosis letal, es decir que, aunque se utilice por encima de las dosis recomendadas, no se ha descripto ningún caso de muerte. Hay investigaciones en curso, que se utiliza el cannabis como droga de salida para pacientes con adicción a otras drogas o al alcohol. Los efectos adversos son leves y revierten cuando se deja de utilizar el cannabis.

    La utilización del cannabis a lo largo de la historia y la extensión de su uso, nos permite contar con innumerables publicaciones que demuestran su eficacia, en especial en epilepsia refractaria, dolor crónico, insomnio, autismo, Parkinson, entre otras, y existen numerosas investigaciones en curso en otras patologías.

    Hay diferentes tipos de presentación, en relación a las formas de producción, y a la genética de la planta seleccionada, con mayor porcentajes de THC o CBD: 1) El extracto de cannabis completo, es el que se produce en forma artesanal. Si se utiliza aceite como vehiculizador, el aceite contiene cannabinoides y terpenos y otros componentes como flavonoides en proporciones relacionadas con la cepa de la planta y el tipo de técnica de extracción y 2) Aislados Puro, algunas empresas producen cannabinoides puro aislados

    Es una excelente noticia la nueva categoría que estableció el ANMAT para el cannabis como «producto medicinal no farmacéutico». De esta forma, los productores actuales que dan respuesta a la demanda de pacientes podrán inscribir sus productos, además de poder sumarlo como «suplemento dietario», o «cosmético». Así, se va a lograr que su cultivo, a partir de semillas nacionales y no solo importadas, la producción y distribución, con calidad asegurada, pueda ser implementada por los usuarios, laboratorios públicos, universidades, Conicet, organizaciones públicos-privados, ONGs, pequeños y medianos productores, cooperativas, pymes, entre otros actores, y no quede solo limitado a la industria farmacéutica. O la recientemente creada Empresa de Base Tecnológica «CANNABIS CONICET» que competirá en el mercado.

    La Argentina cuenta con los recursos humanos y tecnológicos para la investigación, en la genética de la planta, experimentales en modelos animales, moleculares, farmacológicas, clínicas con ensayos observacionales o doble ciego, placebo-controlado. El gran desafío es asegurar el acceso de un producto de calidad, con buenas prácticas de cultivo y buenas prácticas de manufactura, con costos accesibles a las/os pacientes.

    Nota vía Agencia Télam – Por Silvia Kochen. 

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